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Treatment of Water with Granular Ceramics and Alumina Through a Fluidization System
Md. Abul Kalam Azad
Journal of Applied Sciences , 2006,
Abstract: This study aims at assessing the effect of different treatments on Kochi tap water of Japan with different materials belonging to various parameters. Granular ceramics and alumina having electrochemical charges at the surface were produced in a fluidization system with tap water. Ceramics and alumina were used as fluidizing agents in the experiment and three different amounts of these materials for each experiment were passed through the fluidizing layer in three separate selected periods. Results showed that after each treatment with Kochi tap water of Japan, pH and surface tension (ST) increased, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) decreased as compared with untreated water and the values of electrical conductivity (EC) did not change significantly in the same experimental conditions. During fluidization process of water with ceramics and alumina, water flows through the granular substances and every particle comes into contact with each other in a frictional way. Resultantly, the raising temperature of disperse medium and oxidation-reduction reactions have been taken place which were considered as the possible reasons for changing the values of pH, ORP, ST and EC in this experiment. After treatments, other than the changing values of ST and EC, the increasing and decreasing tendencies of pH and ORP from their initial values were preferable for drinking and agriculture.
Estimation of Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance for Phenological, Physiological and Yield Contributing Attributes in Wheat Genotypes under Heat Stress Condition  [PDF]
Md. Mukhtar Hossain, Md. Abul Kalam Azad, Md. Shamiul Alam, Touria El-Jaoual Eaton
American Journal of Plant Sciences (AJPS) , 2021, DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2021.124039
Abstract: The investigation was carried out in focusing the genetic variability for different traits of wheat influenced by heat tolerance mechanism to find out relationships among phenological, physiological and yield contributing traits. Spring wheat cultivar of 25 genotypes were selected and cultivated under late sowing condition at the Regional Wheat Research Institute, Shympur, Rajshahi, Bangladesh from December, 2016 to April, 2017. Significant variability among the genotypes exposed for different traits related to heat tolerance. Results showed that the genotypes G24, G10, G01, G13, G16, G25 and G14 ranked as better category considering maximum number of traits in mean performance indicating their tolerance to heat stress under late sowing condition. Phenotypic variances (σg2) of all traits were greater than those of genotypic variances (σg2). The same trends were also found in their co-efficient of variances. The phenotypic co-efficient of variances (PCV) of all traits were greater compare to those of genotypic co-efficient of variances (GCV) and their values were closer to each other. The heading days (HD), canopy temperature at vegetative stage (CTvg), canopy temperature at grain filling stage (CTgf), biomass, plant height (PH), spike/m2 (SPM), spikelet/spike (SPS), grain/ spike (GPS), thousand grain weight (TGW) and yield exhibited higher heritability (hb2) estimated under irrigated late sowing (ILS) condition. Under the same ILS condition SPAD, SPM, SPS, GPS, TGW and yield showed moderate to high genetic advance (GA) obtained through computing their mean percentage (%)
Yield and Fruit Quality of Tomato as Influenced by Calcium and Mulching in Rooftop Cultivation  [PDF]
Md. Abul Kalam Azad, Mohammad Shafiqul Islam, Md. Isrfil Hossen, Touria El-Jaoual Eaton
Agricultural Sciences (AS) , 2019, DOI: 10.4236/as.2019.107068
Abstract: The experiment conducted in containers known as pot placed on rooftop of a building using noncalcareous grey terrace soil was carried out from October, 2012 to March, 2013 at Kazla, Motihar, Rajshahi, Bangladesh to investigate the influences of calcium and mulching practices on yield and fruit quality of tomato. The study was laid out in a split-split plot design with three replications. The trials comprised three factors: 1) three tomato varieties viz, BARI F1Tomato-5, BARI F1Tomato-6 and BARI F1Tomato-7; 2) four levels of calcium (Ca) treatment (40 ppm, 60 ppm, 80 ppm, 120 ppm) and 3) mulching practices. Results of the experiment revealed that fresh yield of tomato was significantly increased by applying mulching practices due to conservation of soil moisture by mulches and therefore, reduced Ca-deficiency symptoms. The highest number of fruits per plant and fresh yield were obtained from the variety BARI F1Tomato-5. The same trend of yield and yield contributing parameters were likely to be better by using T3？treatment (80 ppm) than those of other treatments. In contrast, BARI F1Tomato-7 variety in control treatment without mulching practice gave poor quality and yield of tomato. Results suggested that BARI F1Tomato-5 variety receiving 80 ppm calcium
Fluidization Electrolysis Treatment on the Control of Water Quality
Md. Abul Kalam Azad,Katsumi Ishikawa
Journal of Biological Sciences , 2004,
Abstract: The assurance of good-quality raw water and environmental protection are important to be solved. This study was conducted, directing major attention to the fact that some of the ceramics produced from silicate minerals as raw material have electrical functions such as electrical insulation, dielectric and piezoelectric properties. Stable granular ceramics having electrical charges at the surface were developed, using the natural raw materials of silicate minerals that have excellent moldabilities and sintering properties. Production of water having functions was attempted by effective use of the electrochemical energy of the ceramics with an efficient water treatment apparatus in which the granular ceramics were fluidized in water. In the experimental results, for the ceramics-treated water, it was clear that the surface activity increased and the volatilization speed of the chlorine was slow and also the ingredient of the irritation was controlled.
Magnetic Field and Thermal Radiation Effect on Heat and Mass Transfer of Air Flow near a Moving Infinite Plate with a Constant Heat Sink  [PDF]
S. M. Arifuzzaman, Sajal Kumar Dhali, Md. Abul Kalam Azad, Bibhuti Roy
World Journal of Mechanics (WJM) , 2015, DOI: 10.4236/wjm.2015.512022
Abstract: Analytical investigation on a combined heat and mass transfer of air flow near a continuously moving infinite plate with a constant heat sink is performed in the presence of a uniform magnetic field. To observe the thermal radiation and Soret effect on the flow, thermal radiation and thermal diffusion term are added in energy and concentration equations. A flow of model is established by employing the well known boundary layer approximations. In order to obtain non-dimensional system of equations, a similarity transformation is applied on the flow model. Perturbation technique is used as main tool for the analytical approach. The numerical values of flow variables are computed by a FORTRAN program. The obtain numerical values of fluid velocity, temperature and species concentration are drawn for the different values of various parameters. To observe the effects of various parameters on the flow variables, the results are discussed in detailed with the help of graph.
Assessment of Spatio-Temporal Variations in Water Quality of Shailmari River, Khulna (Bangladesh) Using Multivariate Statistical Techniques  [PDF]
Md. Muhyminul Islam, Olaf K. Lenz, Abul Kalam Azad, Mosummath Hosna Ara, Masudur Rahman, Nazia Hassan
Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection (GEP) , 2017, DOI: 10.4236/gep.2017.51001
Abstract: Surface water has become one of the most vulnerable resources on the earth due to deterioration of its quality from diverse sources of pollution. Understanding of the spatiotemporal distribution of pollutants and identification of the sources in the river systems is a prerequisite for the protection and sustainable utilization of the water resources. Multivariate statistical techniques such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Factor Analysis (FA) were applied in this study to investigate the temporal and spatial variations of water quality and appoint the major factors of pollution in the Shailmari River system. Water quality data for 14 physicochemical parameters from 11 monitoring sites over the year of 2014 in three sampling seasons were collected and analyzed for this study. Kruskal-Wallis test showed significant (p < 0.01) temporal and spatial variations in all of the water quality parameters of the river water. Principal component analysis (PCA) allowed extracting the contributing parameters affecting the seasonal water quality in the river system. Scatter plots of the PCs showed the tidal and spatial variation within river system and identified parameters controlling the behavior in each case. Factor analysis (FA) further reduced the data and extracted factors which are significantly responsible for water quality variation in the river. The results indicate that the parameters controlling the water quality in different seasons are related with salinity, anthropogenic pollution (sewage disposal, effluents) and agricultural runoff in pre-monsoon; precipitation induced surface runoff in monsoon; and erosion, oxidation or organic pollution (point and non-point sources) in post-monsoon. Therefore, the study reveals the applicability and usefulness of the multivariate statistical methods in assessing water quality of river by identifying the potential environmental factors controlling the water quality in different seasons which might help to better understand, monitor and manage the quality of the water resources.
Wildfire in Australia during 2019-2020, Its Impact on Health, Biodiversity and Environment with Some Proposals for Risk Management: A Review  [PDF]
Md. Kamrul Haque, Md. Abul Kalam Azad, Md. Yeamin Hossain, Tareq Ahmed, Minhaz Uddin, Md. Mukhtar Hossain
Journal of Environmental Protection (JEP) , 2021, DOI: 10.4236/jep.2021.126024
Abstract: Wildfire is closely associated with human society and having its effect on earth as well as on its environment for more than 350 million years. It is a very common phenomenon from the ancient period, has hazardous effects on both environment and human life. This study mainly focuses on the review of wildfire of Australia during 2019-2020 regarding its distribution, status of fatality influences on different environmental factors, consequences and some proposals for its mitigation. In this review paper, a modified edition of the principled review methodology was followed in compiling the most reliable data to support the bushfire in Australia belonging to its causes of occurrences and impacts. The bushfire was started in mid-June in 2019, and it is still now burning in hundreds of places of different parts of Australia, and the forest of New South Wales, Northern Territory, Western Australia, Queensland and Victoria were being burnt deadly. The accumulating data exposed the year 2019 as the driest and warmest year with lowest rainfall that might be the potential causes of bushfires in Australia. Moreover, maximum forest land of Australia is covered by naturally grown Eucalyptus trees which are generally flammable and supply oil type fuel during bushfires. Bushfire deteriorates the quality of soil, water and air of the locality up to many hundreds or thousands of kilometers away in increasing the emission of toxic substances and carbon rate. Around more than 3 billion native vertebrates, 143 million mammals, 2.46 billion reptiles, 181 million birds, 51 million frogs were burnt out by bushfires of 2020 in Australia. More than US$110 billion financial loss has been determined due to this fire of Australia. In some cases, it is also helpful for forest land. Sometimes it helps to continue the forest ecosystem by burning unwanted plants, animals and microscopic compounds. To reduce the hazard needs proper land regulation, combination of social governance, sufficient funding, permanent vigilance of all sides are the partial solutions. However, the research helps to find out an overall idea to explore the devastating nature of bushfires, the actual causes of occurrences and recommendations for mitigation of bushfires in Australia as well as assisting researchers those willing for further scientific study. It was also mentioned some effective prologues to reduce the hazardous effects and find some ways to overcome such destructive disaster.
Generation of Virus Free Potato Plantlets through Meristem Culture and Their Field Evaluation  [PDF]
Md. Abul Kalam Azad, Zubaida Khatun, Touria El-Jaoual Eaton, Md. Isrfil Hossen, Md. Kamrul Haque, Edward Binod Soren
American Journal of Plant Sciences (AJPS) , 2020, DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2020.1111131
Abstract: Different aspects of micropropagation through meristem culture for the production of virus indexed source plants, in vitro tuberization and field evaluation of the in vitro regenerated plants were studied on four commercial cultivars of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) viz., Diamant, Cardinal, Shilbilati and Lalpakri. The investigation was conducted at Rajshahi, Bangladesh from December 2010 to March 2012 to produce virus-free potato plantlets through meristem culture, shoot multiplications with root induction as well as their acclimatization and evaluation of morphological characters and tuber yield under field condition. Shoot tips of 25 - 30 day old field-grown plants of above mentioned four cultivars were used for meristem isolation. After isolation, meristems of these varieties of potato were cultured on “M” shaped filter paper bridge in Murashige and Skoog (MS) liquid medium. Four different treatments of media formulations viz. 0.1 mg/L KIN + 0.1 mg/L GA3, 0.1 mg/L KIN + 0.5 mg/L GA3, 0.5 mg/L KIN + 0.1 mg/L GA3 and 0.5 mg/L KIN + 0.5 mg/L GA3 were used as plant growth regulators. From these formulations MS + 0.1 mg/L KIN + 0.5 mg/L GA3 was found to be the best for the primary
Assessment of Different Traits to Evaluate Genetic Divergence in Some Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes under Late Sowing Condition  [PDF]
Md. Mukhtar Hossain, Md. Abul Kalam Azad, Touria El-Jaoual Eaton, Md. Nur-Alam Siddquie
American Journal of Plant Sciences (AJPS) , 2021, DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2021.125050
Abstract: The research work was undertaken to identify the extent of genetic diversity in different parameters of wheat related to heat tolerance mechanism. Performances of currently available 25 spring wheat genotypes were studied at the Regional Wheat Research Institute, Shyampur, Rajshahi during the winter season of 2016/2017. All these genotypes (25) were grouped into five clusters on the basis of non-hierarchical clustering parameters viz. cluster I (G2, G5, G6, G16, G20), II (G4, G7, G9, G11, G12, G17), III (G10, G24), IV (G1, G13, G19, G21) and V (G3, G8, G14, G15, G18, G22, G23, G25). These groups were arranged into five (5) pairs of clusters viz. cluster I and III; II and III; II and V; III and IV; IV and V considering their similar potentiality of different traits. Results revealed that the maximum number of genotypes (8) was found in cluster V while cluster III comprised minimum genotypes (2). The inter-cluster distance was higher than intra-cluster distances. The highest and second highest eigenvalues belonged to spike/m2 (25.23%) and spikelets/spike (20.18%) respectively, along with positive canonical values in both the vectors 1 and 2 for these two traits identified them as major traits by exposing their highest potential toward genetic divergence. Cluster III produced the highest spike/m2 (388.8), grain/spike (48.1), plant height (89.5 cm), SPAD (54.2), yield (2799 kg/ha) and biomass (7758.1 Kg/ha) with lowest heading days (64.7 days), maturity days (98.7 days), canopy temperature at vegetative stage (21.7°C) and canopy temperature at grain filling stage (22.4°C). In contrast, cluster V produced the lowest 1000-grain weight (30.4 g) and grain yield (2172 kg/ha) belonging to the highest canopy temperature at both stages (23.8°C and 24.7°C). However, results suggested that the genotypes G10 and G24 under
Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Nutrient Uptake in Grain and Straw as Influenced by Some Macro (S & Mg) and Micro (B & Zn) Nutrients  [PDF]
Md. Abul Kalam Azad, Tazuddin Ahmed, Touria El-Jaoual Eaton, Md. Mukhtar Hossain, Md. Kamrul Haque, Edward Binod Soren
Natural Science (NS) , 2021, DOI: 10.4236/ns.2021.139030
Abstract: A wheat variety BARI Gom 26 was cultivated with an objective of evaluating the effects of macro/secondary nutrients as S and Mg, and micro nutrients as B and Zn on yield, yield contributing traits and nutrient uptake status by the crop. The field experiment was con-ducted in the “North Eastern Barind Tract Soils” at Kushadaha, Nawabganj, Dinajpur, Bangladesh from November, 2014 to March, 2015. The surface soil was clay in texture, having pH 5.61, organic matter 1.58%, total N 0.10%, available P 7.03 ppm, exchangeable K 0.11 meq/100g, available S 2.57 ppm, exchangeable Mg 0.55 meq/100g, available Zn 1.30 ppm, available B 0.08 ppm. The experiment was designed with five treatments laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments were T1: NPK (control), T2: NPK + S, T3: NPK + S + Mg, T4: NPK + S + Mg + Zn and T5: NPK + S + Mg + Zn + B. All plots of wheat received 100 kg N/ha, 30 kg P/ha and 70 kg K/ha as basal dose. The secondary and micro nutrients doses were 15 kg S/ha, 6 kg Mg/ha, 2.5 kg Zn/ha and 1.5 kg B/ha. Results revealed that the plant height, tillers/hill, 1000-grain weight, yield of grain and straw, uptake of some specific nutrients in grain and straw were signifi-cantly influenced by all the treatments, though these treatments did not show any identical effect on spike length, content of P and Mg in wheat. Significantly highest amount of 1000-grain weight, yield of grain and straw weight of wheat were obtained in applying T2 treatment that employed the addition of S with recommended dose of NPK. Significant positive effects were also observed for the rest parameters in receiving the treatments composed of secondary and micronutrients (T3, T4, and T5). The highest concentration of nutrient uptake N, P, K and S in grain and straw of wheat were also obtained due to the application of T2 treatment. In the case of Mg, the maximum uptake was recorded in T4 where Mg was added as a component of this treatment. In contrast, the highest content of Zn and B were extracted in receiving the treatment T5 both for grain and straw. However, results suggested that T2 treatment comprising recommended dose of NPK with S might be economic and suitable as for better production of 1000-grain weight, yield of grain and straw, uptake of N, P, K and S in grain and straw of wheat cultivated in the North Eastern Barind Tract Soils of Bangladesh under winter condition. The treatment T5 would also be recommended in the context of addition of micronutrients.
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